REVIEW REVIEW ( Test on Thursday )

US HISTORY  2^ND “Let’s Get It” REVIEW

Squires/Hughes

Cold War:  Iron Curtain, division of Berlin, Korea, CIA’s role

Berlin Airlift, NATO – US, Allies to fight soviet aggression

Cold War at home:  McCarthyism ( liar ) , Red Scare Soviets had invaded the government, espionage (spying), fall-out shelters – to protect against the harms of radiation,  Truman – integrated the Army.

Kennedy:  Bay of Pigs, Cuban Missile Crisis, Berlin Wall, space program, assassination

(NASA – developed due to Sputnik)

Vietnam:  Dienbien Phu, Tet Offensive – offensive from the north to attack American bases, My Lai, Vietnamization – Allowing the S. Vietnamese a bigger war role while pulling out,

Kent State – Major protest that resulted in Police Shooting Protesters, withdrawal, domino theory – if one falls to communism they all fall, Geneva Accords – split the country into two (17^th parallel), Gulf of Tonkin – sinking of the US ship (started the war), My Lai – Brutal butchering of innocent Vietnamese by US troops,

Civil Rights:  Brown v. Board of Education, Montgomery Bus Boycott ( Rosa Parks ) , Greensboro sit-ins, Freedom Rides – stopped in Jackson, MS, March on Washington – I have a dream, Civil Rights Act 1964, Selma March – showed the brutality of the Police on National T.V. , Watts – Riots in LA, Martin Luther King, Jr - SCLA, Malcolm X – Nation of Islam , Rosa Parks,  Thurgood Marshall - first US Supreme Court Justice, defacto ( Culture ) vs. dejure (Law) segregation, affirmative action – blacks, women and minorities received the benefit as a repayment for past injustices, Rights for those with disabilities, environmentalism

Nixon:  detente – relaxation of tensions between Russian and US , ping-pong diplomacy – playing both sides to get more votes, Salt I, Watergate -illegally spying for without a warrant ( wiretapping , Ford ( pardon ) Southern Strategy – appealing to white segregationist, executive privilege – the feeling that the    

Jimmy Carter: Iran Hostage Crisis – ended in failure and , energy crisis – OPEC ( Saudi Arabia, Middle East refused to pump gas. (led to more fuel efficient cars.

Ronald Reagan: Reaganomics ( Trickle down theory ), conservatism, Beirut bombing, Star Wars - satellites, anti-missile shield , Gorbachev, dismantling of USSR

George Bush:  Operation Desert Storm/Saddam Hussein

Bill Clinton: Yugoslavia, Somalia, Rwanda, USS Cole, OKC bombing

Roles in each of the conflicts.  ( Small Wars but largely not spoken of)

Election of 2000 -  Gore vs. Bush – Bush won voter fraud in Florida.

George W. Bush:  Sept 11^th, Osama bin Laden, Afghanistan, Iraq

Election of 2008 – Obama elected President

Presidents in Order: 

-              Real Tough Eggs Keep Jumping Near (the) Free Chicken.

40’s-80’s Roosevelt, Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon, Ford, Carter

-              Rowdy Boys Come Back Often.

90’s – Regan, Bush, Clinton, Bush, Obama

DATES/ TIMELINE

Plessy vs. Ferguson 1896 – segregation legal

Brown v. Board of Education         - Makes segregation illegal in schools

Little Rock 9 – (Eisenhower sends in Federal Troops to stop  Governor from blocking Federal Law.)

                                                                        MLK assassinated – Memphis, TN

Pearl Harbor – cause of WWII                         Kent State – shooting on college campus.

US ceasefire in Vietnam                                      Nixon resigns after Watergate

Korean War (50’s) Truman                                     Iran Hostage crisis

Beirut bombing – bombed Marine base in Lebanon 

Brown v. Board of Education                                         Challenger disaster - blown up space shuttle

Montgomery bus boycott                                                  Iran-Contra Scandal

                                                                                                     Sending weapons to Iranians

                                                                                                         Money used to fund C. American Army Greensboro sit-ins

Effect on the Civil Rights                                                       

US-Soviet INF Treaty

                                                                  

Fall of Berlin Wall (89)    What did it symbolize?  Fall of communism

March on Washington (I Have a Dream)  

Operation Desert Storm (1^st) – Iraq invaded Kuwait.  

                                                                                                           

Kennedy assassinated                                                             End of USSR - 1989

Civil Rights Act                                                                             OKC bombing – Main subjects?

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution                                                     Clinton impeachment hearings

                                                                                                            9/11/2001

                                                                                                            US bombing campaign in Afghanistan

                                   

                                                                                                            US-led coalition war in Iraq

                                                                                                            Barack Obama elected President

Due 2/15/2016 (Bay of Pigs) (Space Race)

Directions: Please watch the videos and respond to the questions below. Answers should be written in complete sentences. You have the week to complete this assignment. 

Bay of Pigs 

1. Why did the U.S. government think they would be successful in the operation?

2. What are the three reasons given in the video on why the operation was a disaster or didn't go as planned?

3. The advice given at the end of the video was for president to do essentially what?

Space Race 

1. Why did Sputnik scare the United States beside being the first satellite in space?

2.  Who was the first man to be placed into orbit? What was the American response to the Soviet launching of Sputnik?

3.  How did the American's try to get ahead in the space race? What primary event helped to set this in motion?

4. What were a few of the overall benefits of the Space Race that we now reap the benefits of today?

Homework due Feb. 4th

Political Cartoon Interpretation 

1. Above is a cartoon that highlights what major supreme court ruling? How the artist use color to depict the different sides? What does the black sheep represent? Who is in the school? What is happening overall in the cartoon?

2. Above what is the cartoon depicting? What is the difference between the black power movement and the KKK? Which side was right? Explain in a minimum of four sentences.

3. Above what is this cartoon trying to depict? Notice the dress of the characters, the books and the weapons. What is the artist hinting at with these items? What Civil Rights Leader would they likely support?

Review (Cold War) Must Watch!!!

Cold War

This video does a great job to help you review for the test. It is a great summary! 14 mins. is simply fraction of your day. 

Cold War "Homework" Political Cartoons Due - Jan 25 16'

Directions: Look at the following cartoons and questions. Answer each question by writing in complete sentences. Due 25th of Jan. 

1. In the above cartoon what is happening? What important Cold War Event is this?
What are the soldiers doing in the cartoon? What is the significance of this event?

2. What is going on above? Who are the two men going head to head? Which side is on the right and the left? What kind of missiles are they? If one side would have made a move what would have happened to the other side?


3. Do you believe that brinksmanship is a dangerous proposition when two super powers are at each others throats? Do you believe nuclear war between two superpowers is likely? Why or why not?


4. Look at the chart below and highlight some of the strengths and weakness of both side. Which side do you think was stronger? Justify the reasons why you believe this to be true.

 Soviet Union                                                                                                                 United States 

Demography	Had a population of 286.7 million in 1989, the third largest on Earth behind China and India.[31]	Had a population of 248.7 million in 1990, at that time the fourth largest on Earth.[32]
Geography	Largest state in the world (actually a superstate), with a surface area of 22,270,000 km².[31]	Fourth largest country in the world (after the Soviet Union, Canada, China), with an area of 9,526,468 km².[33]
Economy	GDP of $2.9 trillion in 1990. Second largest economy in the world.[34] Enormous mineral energy resources and fuel supply. Generally self-sufficient using a minimal amount of imports, though suffered resource inadequacies such as in agriculture. Marxist economic theory based primarily on production: industrial production directed by centralised state organs leading to a high degree of inefficiency. Five-year plans frequently used to accomplish economic goals. Economic benefits such as guaranteed employment, free healthcare, free education on all levels formally assured for all citizens, though this wasn't necessarily always implemented. Economy tied to Central and Eastern-European satellite states.	GDP of $5.2 trillion in 1990. Largest economy in the world. Capitalist free market economic theory based on supply and demand: production determined by customers' demands, though it also included rising income inequality since 1979.[35] Enormous industrial base and a large and modernized farming industry. Large volume of imports and exports. Large resources of minerals, energy resources, metals, and timber. High standard of living with accessibility to many manufactured goods. Home to a multitude of the largest global corporations. U.S. Dollar served as the dominant world reserve currency under Bretton Woods Conference. Allied with G7 major economies. Supported allied countries' economies via such programmes as the Marshall Plan.
Politics	Strong Communist state. Anti-colonialist movements and labour parties. Permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council.	Strong capitalist federation/constitutional republic. Permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council plus two allies (France and the UK) with permanent seats.
Foreign relations	Strong ties with Central and Eastern Europe, countries in Latin America, Southeast Asia, and Africa. Also had an alliance with China up until 1961. Supported Communist and socialist countries around the world.	Strong ties with Western Europe, some countries in Latin America, the Commonwealth of Nations, and several East Asian countries. Supported democracies and anti-Communist dictatorships around the world.
Military	Possessed largest armed forces and air force in the world, and the second of the world's largest navies. Possessed bases around the world. Held the world's largest stockpile of nuclear weapons for the second half of the Cold War. Founder of Warsaw Pact with satellite states in Central and Eastern Europe. Global intelligence networkwith GRU and the First Chief Directorate of KGB. Ties with paramilitary and guerrilla groups in the developing world. Large armament production industry with global distribution.	Highest military expenditure in the world,[36] with the world's largest navy surpassing the next 13 largest navies combined,[37][38] and an army and air force rivaled only by that of the Soviet Union. Possessed bases around the world, particularly in an incomplete "ring" bordering the Warsaw Pact to the West, South and East. Largest nuclear arsenal in the world during the first half of the Cold War. Powerful military allies in Western Europe (NATO) with their own nuclear capabilities. Global intelligence networks, the CIA, NSA and DIA. Ties with paramilitary and guerrilla groups in the developing world. Large armament production through defense contractors along with its developed allies for the global market.
Media	Press explicitly controlled and censored. Promoted, through the use of propaganda, its Communist and Socialist ideal that workers of all countries should unite to overthrow capitalist society and what they called the dictatorship of the bourgeoisie and replace it with a socialist society where all means of production are publicly owned.	Maintained constitutional guarantees for freedom of speech and freedom of the press, though the ongoing Cold War did lead to a degree of censorship, particularly during the Vietnam War and the Second Red Scare when censorship was the heaviest.
Culture	Rich tradition in literature, classical music, and ballet.	Rich tradition and worldwide cultural influence in music, literature, film, television, cuisine, art, and fashion.

Cold War - (Asia) Vietnam

Domino Theory - If one country falls the rest around it are surely to fall to communism. 

Guerrillas/ Warfare - citizens who could become warriors and then hide/ blend into the population. 

Vietminh - Freedom Fighters trying to expel the French. Lead by Ho Chi Minh

Viet Cong - South Vietnamese communist soldiers that fought for the unification of Vietnam. 

Weapons

Napalm - gel-liqufied petroleum that sticks to things and lights things on fire. Used in flamethrowers. 

Agent Orange - poisonous herbicide that kills vegetation like trees and plants. Used heavily during the Vietnam War. Many became sick and died as a result of the spraying. 

Strategic - something of great importance. Example: If a place has a lot of uranium which is used to make nuclear bombs then that place is of great strategic importance. 

Crucial Time Line - Vietnam 

1.Vietnam owned by France --- 2. Japan Takes over with Force ---3. French retake after Japan loss

       1890's - 1940's                                     1940's (WWII)                                   Late 40's

Ho Chi Minh - Vietnamese Communist Leader - Fights for Nationalism and to expel France. 

Studied in China and Russia/ Soviet Union. 

Ngo Dinh Diem - South Vietnam leader - supported by USA. 

Turning point for the French - Dien Bien Phu (Strategic Vietnamese Village)

The french tried to cut off a major supply route which was a mistake because the Vietminh surrounded and captured the French Soldiers. France soon after pulled out of Vietnam. 

Presidential Time Line (Vietnam) 

Dwight Eisenhower - J.F.Kennedy (assassinated) - Lyndon B.  Johnson 

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution - gave authorization to the president to "take all necessary  measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression. 

President had the power to 

The Cold War

2 Sides during WW2

Allies - Russia, USA, France, U.K.  (R.U.U.F)
Axis (Bad) - Germany, Japan, Italy (J.I.G)

Who won? The Allies    :)

Potsdam Conference - Russia and USA meet to settle the dispute of war torn Europe after WWII

-Key people - Truman = USA         Stalin = Russia

-What was discussed?

Russia wanted reparations or repayment for the damage Germany inflicted during WWII.
Russia takes East Germany and USA, France, U.K. take West Germany.

The U.S and Russia both argued for the reduction of nuclear weapons but both refused to give up nuclear weapons.

- In order to halt the spread of communism the United States reacted by a policy enacted by George Kennan known as containment. Hint: (Think of a container and how it holds in liquids from getting out a spilling)

Western Europe - (IRON CURTAIN) - Eastern Europe
USA - Capitalist  invisible seperation   Russia- Communist

satellite nations - nations that are under the influence (economic and political) of main super powers such as USA and Russia.

satellite nation examples: Russia - North Korea, China, Vietnam, Ukraine.

satellite nation examples: USA - Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands

First satellite in space - Russia (Sputnik)

Senator Joseph McCarthy - believed communist had penetrated every office in the U.S. including the Stare Dept. and the Army. Many were scared and feared of being called or "labeled" a communist.

Truman Doctrine - to support freedom loving countries against the spread of communism.

Example: the USA gave money to both the Greece and Turkey as a bribe to resist communism.

Marshall Plan - a plan that was set up to provide U.S. "aid" or money to European countries to boost their economies.